How does radiation therapy impact normal cells?

Radiation therapy is designed primarily to target and destroy cancer cells; however, it can also affect normal cells, particularly those that are in close proximity to the tumor being treated. This effect occurs because radiation does not discriminate between cancerous and healthy cells.

Healthy tissues can experience radiation damage, which can lead to side effects depending on the area being treated. For example, skin irritation, mucositis, and fatigue are common side effects that result from normal tissues being exposed to radiation. The severity of these side effects can vary based on the dose and the duration of the treatment.

In contrast, other options suggest either a lack of impact on healthy tissue or that only cancer cells are affected. These reflections underestimate the biological response of normal cells to radiation therapy. The notion that radiation strengthens normal tissues is also incorrect, as healthy tissues typically do not become stronger as a result of radiation exposure; rather, they can experience weakening and damage, which is why careful planning and techniques are employed to minimize exposure to healthy tissues during radiation treatment.