What laboratory values are critical to monitor in patients receiving chemotherapy?

Monitoring the complete blood count (CBC), particularly white blood cell count, hemoglobin, and platelet count, is essential for patients undergoing chemotherapy due to the impact of chemotherapy on the bone marrow. Chemotherapy agents are designed to target rapidly dividing cells, which include cancer cells but also affect normal cells in the bone marrow. This can lead to myelosuppression, a condition where the production of blood cells is decreased, resulting in various complications.

The white blood cell count is crucial as it helps assess the patient's immune function. A low white blood cell count (neutropenia) increases the risk of infections, which is a significant concern during chemotherapy. Monitoring hemoglobin levels is important for identifying anemia, which can cause fatigue and other health issues. Platelet counts are monitored to prevent bleeding complications; low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia) can lead to an increased risk of hemorrhage.

Cholesterol levels and liver function tests, blood glucose and electrolyte levels, and hormone levels do have their importance in specific circumstances but are not primarily affected by chemotherapy in the same way as the CBC. Consequently, tracking the CBC is vital in managing the side effects of chemotherapy and ensuring timely interventions to safeguard the patient's health during treatment.