Which special protein is indicative of multiple myeloma?

Bence Jones protein is a specific type of protein that is found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma. This protein is made up of free light chains of immunoglobulins and is produced in excess when malignant plasma cells proliferate. In multiple myeloma, the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells leads to the overproduction of these light chains, which can then be detected in the urine.

The presence of Bence Jones protein is a significant diagnostic marker in identifying and managing multiple myeloma, alongside other findings such as elevated serum protein levels and the presence of bone lesions. It helps differentiate multiple myeloma from other plasma cell disorders and is used in conjunction with other tests to confirm the diagnosis.

Other proteins mentioned do not specifically indicate multiple myeloma. Myoglobin is associated with muscle injury, albumin is a measure of liver function and nutritional status, and hemoglobin relates to oxygen transport in the blood. Thus, Bence Jones protein stands out as the unique marker for multiple myeloma in clinical assessments.